RESEARCH OF ARCHAEOACUSTIC SB Research Group
SB RESEARCH GROUP
is a multidisciplinary university project that aims to study from 2010, the architecture, geometry, shape and materials of ancient structures in Europe as well as the development of knowledge from the viewpoint of anthropological and historical discoveries made in this context.
SBRG is a multidisciplinary team mainly supporter by University of Trieste (Italy) Department of Medical Sciences.
SBRG has also interest to investigate archaeoacustics physical phenomena in ancient temples and sites considered sacred from ancient time.
THE APUAN ALPS
The Apuan Alps, the high Versilia and Garfagnana are part of the Apuan Alps Park, and are rich of petroglyphs and archeological finds still, in part, unknown and without a precise date.
These areas have been inhabited since Neolithic times but, the meaning and the reason for such signs engraved on stone, is still not clear.
The Apuan Alps have been chosen as a dwelling to people who have left many testimonies, ancestral sign and Christianization, sacred altars, thrones and artifacts carved in stone.
A STONE ATLAS that guards track of our roots.
Apuan Alps – Group of Mount Nona, Procinto, I Bimbi
Apuan Alps – Pania of the Cross
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HOLY ALTAR AND ”FIREPLACE” IN CURICETA
CAVES OF TANACCIO
DOLMEN
SITE OF TROGNA
FIREPLACE IN CURICETA
The Curiceta site is placed inside a thick forest of chestnut trees, in an area where there are stone terraces to dry perfectly preserved.
The first building you meet going up the hill, is the so-called ”fireplace”.
Is consists of a large flat stone stuck in the ground and from an area of aligned stones where, probably, a fire was lit.
Behind the big stone, there is the cavity where the smoke came out.
In the lower part of the plate, there is a ”handle” carved into the rock.
Its function is, to us, still unknown.
Curiceta – Structure of stone so-called ”fireplace”
Curiceta’a ”fireplace” – Particular of big stone
Curiceta ”fireplace” – Handle particular
Paolo De Bertolis on the fireplace- evidence of archaeoacustic
Curiceta – The back of the ”fireplace”
HOLY ALTAR IN CURICETA
Along a short stretch of the path up the hill, protected by a high dry stone wall, we find the sacred stone altar.
This enigmatic structure, has revealed many surprises during the test performed with electronic instruments.
The altar is carved in a single block of stone and is formed by a backrest and a horizontal supporting surface.
From the latter depart the inclined planes down.
The lower (floor) has a vertical groove.
On the altar we find the same handle carved present in the first structure called fireplace.
The rock altars are very common in various part of the world such as, for example, in the South of Italy, in the Middle East but, in high Versilia this is the only example.
Curiceta – Holy altar
Curiceta – Holy altar particular
Curiceta – Holy altar
PROF. PAOLO DE BERTOLIS Archaeoacustic
is in permanent staff of the University of Trieste (Italy) from 1987, Department of Medical Sciences.
He teaches in the Degree Course of Medicine and Surgery and in the Degree Course in Dentistry and Denture.
Instrumentations used for searches – microphones for listering to sounds
Dominant between -47 and -50db at 25 – 28Hz very powerful. Another lower peak around 15-16Hz ( a harmonic frequency Shumann) typical of sacred sites. The highests absolutely unusual but has also been observed in the Neolithic temples of Malta ( Tarxien – Xaghra).
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Analisis of audio files at work – In the sacrifice altar there is a frequency found also of 25 – 28 Hz maybe from underground water
SOUND NEAR THE ALTAR
It has a 23-28 Hz vibration but at a much lower sound level.
The source of the sound is right under the altar ; the sound is reduce away from the altar.
There are, also, frequencies around 14-16 Hz.
Sound near the altar
Sound near the altar
Sound near the altar
The hypothesis is that behind the altar there is a cavity that acts as a sounding board for the 25 – 28Hz frequency, probably, due to underground water.
C.T.A. DANIELE GULLA’ Environmental Technical Advisor
Is a forensic researcher who is interested in geo-biophysics, anthropometry and forensics biometrics for over thirty years. He heads a research department for prevention and protection of the Institute of Medicine and Integrated Science SIMEMIS in Switzerland.
PHOTOGRAPHIC RESEARCH INTO INVISIBLE SPECTRA TO THE HUMAN EYE
Instrumentations used for searches
Altar area in UV reflection
Altar seat particular in IR band from 8 to 14 micron. The seat is more warm and emissivity of about two degrees compared to the surrounding areas
Altar area into three RGB ultraviolet bands UVA – UVB – UVC
Thermography identifies the hottest are in the altar seat.
O circulates warmer air inside, or the material has a different emission.
It is possible, too, that there is an energy contribution unidentified.
THE VIBROMETRIC IMAGES SHOW DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS OF THE PEOPLE SEATED AT THE ALTAR
Flow of micro vibrations of Andrea on the altar
Flow of micro vibrations of Lorenzo
Flow of micro vibrations of prof. De Bertolis
HYPOTESIS
According to studies and test with electronic instrumentation, we have formulated a hypothesis on function of the Curiceta’s site.
The two stone structures are connected.
On the altar, probably, were celebrated sacrifices (animals and humans) and the blood flowed on the left side until the groove on the floor.
Later, in the fireplace, the bodies or maybe just some organs were burned.
But is possible that, over time, these structures have changed many times their original function.
Maybe, they were born with a purpose and have been used in different ways over the centuries.
As this was our first visit, we are not able to date the Curiceta site.
It is needed more in depth studies of the area that will be made in the next missions.
CAVES OF TANACCIO
Caves of Tanaccio with throne
The first cave we meet along the mountain path from Sant Rocchino, is where were celebrated female fertily rites.
Some scholars argue that women were to give birth in this cave.
The throne that we meet on the left, the entrance to the cave, was carved into a large stallattite and has a cavity on the seat that collects the percolation water of the cave.
The site has been sanctified as shown by the crosses engraved on the back of the throne.
From the study of the human remains of northern Tuscany, we see that the man prefered sites next to the coast, habitable even in cold seasons and rich metals.
The people who lived in these place in the late Neolithic period ( 5000 years ago) lived on stilts in the marshes and in caves where many remains have been found.
Then came the prospectors of the Eneolithic metals that, probably, had contacts with the previous inhabitants.
Perhaps, they exchanged their mixing genes creating more complex cultures.
Caves of Tanaccio – Throne and stallatite
Caves of Tanaccio- Throne particular
THE WATER ON THE APUAN ALPS
The Apuan Alps are very rich in springs and streams.
The sources are man-made, they have been discovered by man and channeled to the surface.
Many of the ancient sources were today abandoned and the water has taken its course underground.
Caves of Tanaccio – The back of the throne with cross
Caves of Tanaccio – The cross on the back
Caves of Tanaccio – Cavity on the seat that collects the water
Daniele Gullà with videocamera on the throne
Measurements in the cave with the throne
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There is the same frequency of the own Vulva Cave because the distance between the two is little.
The last three graphs indicate the bottom of the cave where Daniele Gullà found a higher temperature.
Here the sound level is higher than 38-40db and 22-24Hz.
There is near the source and heats the bottom of the cave.
It must be heated from underground springs.
THE CAVE OF THE VULVA
The second cave examinated is called the vulva.
It was used by men to the initiation rites.
The young men were tied and left in the bottom of the cave for a night : as a kind of return to the womb.
A guardian checked at the entrance of the cave, the possible attack of wild animals (hyenas, bears).
So, in the Tanaccio site there are two caves, a female and a male.
The cave of the vulva
Vulva particular
Lorenzo in the cave
Daniele Gullà – Termic image – The hottest point is the top
There is a water source that passes close to the cave, quite noisy.
It ranges from -30 to -36db. It feels very clearly and is present the echo inside the vulva.
The frequency is around 22Hz, which is much lower but the sound limit of hearing.
HYPOTHESIS
The cave with the throne was definitely a cultual women’s place linked to fertility and motherhood.
Before the Christianization, probably, the water collect in the concave seat of the throne, was used to wet the baby for ritual purposes.
The beneficial water, protecting him from the misfortune.
In the Christian age, to the beneficial water was sanctified and the throne became a baptismal font for the newborn babis.
THE SBRG GROUP AT WORK
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DOLMEN OF MOUNT FREDDONE
” How to reset your human cells and to heal : go on a dolmen to Italy, 8 Hz at – 38 db ! All the chemical processes of our cells are turned of SHUMANN resonance, but we never saw a sacred site with a so strong level of sound like this!
It is just a healing site.” ( Prof. Paolo De Bertolis )
Dolmen – Front
Dolmen – Front
Dolmen – The front
Sacred path to the dolmen
Dolmen – The back
Mount Freddone was frequented by men Eneolithic, the Bronze Age men to extract the copper and the Apuan-Ligurian who extracted minerals until the end of the nineteenth.
According to the studies done on the site in 2011, the dolmen could be a structure built to observe the equinoctial phenomena (spring) related to the semanties of the TAU symbol, a gnomon with horizontal table stone.
Equinox rites linked to the sense of fairness and justice by simplifying the balance two arms made as a T.
The dolmen is oriented towards the sunset Spring Equinox.
The sun sets on the top of the Altissimo mountain, and the light fully illuminates the interior chamber of the structure dolmenic.
The upper beam is oriented exactly north-south direction.
Prof. Paolo De Bertolis – Resonances of the dolmen
Daniele Gullà – Measurements on the dolmen
Daniele Gullà – Image UV-VIS – IR with optical at reverse fire
Daniele Gullà – Another image UV – VIS – IR with optical ESA at reverse fire
Daniele Gullà – Measurements
Daniele Gullà and Andrea Venturini on the dolmen
Prof. Paolo De Bertolis – Sound is heard from the microphones inside the cavity
Arch. Natalia Tarabella on back of the dolmen
Paolo De Bertolis – Lorenzo Marcuccetti – Francesca Piovesana
Dolmen – Standing stones of sacred path
Landscape with dolmen
SITE OF TROGNA The petroglyph
Epiphany of ”pennato”
PENNATI – Curved blades – Of lumberjacks working tool, farmers used to cut small trees and shrubs ( photo ” Alpi Apuane” Stefano Pucci )
God Silvano Etruscan – Ghiaccioforte (Grosseto) Etruscan bronze votive III century b.C. Young naked man with a ”pennato” in his right hand. ( Photo ” Alpi Apuane” Stefano Pucci)
In the area located between the Volegno countries, Pruno and Cardoso, walking along a path in the woods above the aqueduct, you get to the Trogna site discovered in 2009 by researcher Stefano Pucci.
By chance noticed that on the boulder, then completely covered by vegetation, were engraved some signs.
Site owners lived near and Pucci asks for permission to clean the area.
They came to light numerous petroglyph including, very significant, 43 curved blades (pennati).
On the day of the Epiphany ( Jenuary 6) concludes the solstice period and is the true Orthodox Christmas.
On the day of the Epiphany, from Trogna site, it appears the first ray of sunlight at the lowest point of the rift that opened between Mount Nona and Mount Procinto.
The Trogna site was, probably, a meeting place and where the sacred rites were celebrated during the solstice.
Before the weapons were deposited (pennati) and after we discussed sitting over the rock.
The ”pennato” as the ministry, a symbol for the people Apuano engraved on stone.
From site of Togna – Nona and Procinto mountains
Trogna – On the rock of the site
Trogna – ” Living room” zone
Trogna – ”Living room” zone
Trogna – Rock with petroglyph
Trogna – On the back : you can see the standing stone that indicates the site
Petroglyph – curved blade ” pennato”
Petroglyph – curved blade”pennato”
Petroglyph – curved blades ”pennati” with cross – Christianization
Petroglyph – Cross bet
Petroglyph – circle bet
Petroglyph – curved blade ”pennato”
Petroglyph – vulva bet
Paolo De Bertolis – Trogna – Evidence of archaeoacustic
Trogna – SB Research Group on the site
In Trogna site there is nothing particular.
The frequency of around 26-28Hz but with a sound level between -52 and -58db, a much lower volume.
Since low frequencies are transmitted long distance, if there is a river that generates, is far away.
SIMILARITIES WITH OTHER SACRED SITE
SITE OF PUNTATO
The Puntato site, probably, has the same characteristics of the site of Trogna : a place where they held meetings between local residents and even cultic area.
There was a natural entrance marked by large boulders, a waiting area (perhaps to the companions of the group leaders), the boulder where he deposited the ”pennato” and the area devoted to discussions.
Engravings cross ”pennati” on the boulder at the entrance of the site, are a testament left by the Apuan people.
Puntato – The entrance
Puntato – ”Waiting area”
Puntato – Meeting area
Puntato – Petroglyph on the rock – Crosses ”pennati”
Puntato – Crosses ”pennati”
Puntato – ”Pennato”
Puntato – Crosses ”pennati”
SITE OF GREPPOLUNGO
Petroglyph
Greppolungo – boulder with engravings
Greppolungo – a water collection basin
Greppolungo – ”pennati” engraved
Greppolungo – ”pennati” with ”coppella” sacralized with the cross ( small basin)
Greppolungo – ”pennato”
HYPOTHESIS
The Trogna sites, Puntato, Greppolungo and others were, probably, frequented by the Apuan-Ligurian as places of meetings during the year and it is possible that they were seasonal.
When you reach the place where the meeting was held, they left their weapons on the charge boulder and began the discussion.
On the store was engraved with the symbol of the Ligurian-Apuan people.
MISSION ARCHAEOACUSTIC APUAN ALPS 2016
Paolo De Bertolis – Daniele Gullà – Natalia Tarabella – Andrea Venturini – Francesca Piovasana – Lorenzo Marcuccetti
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
